Goals
The curricular unit of Biophysics and Pharmaceutical Physics aims to expose the student to a set of structured knowledge and fundamental concepts of physics and interconnect them with chemical and biological phenomena; provide basic experience in the type of physical measurements that lead to
quantitative results of interest to Pharmaceutical Sciences.
Learning outcomes and skills
It is intended that students acquire theoretical knowledge of some basic laws of Physics that are directly or indirectly related to some aspects of Pharmaceutical Sciences. The aim is to relate these concepts by applying
them to different areas of the course, in particular to the areas of Biology, Medicine Sciences and Chemistry
The theoretical practical classes aim to implement the concepts given in the theoretical classes, stimulating the student's reasoning ability and critical analysis of the results obtained.
In laboratory classes, the student is expected to experience and apply in a practical way the concepts acquired in theory, stimulating their analytical capacity.
Within the scope of transversal skills, this Curricular Unit aims to contribute to the development of the following:
- Cognitive Skills: analytical, critical, reflective and creative thinking;
- Methodological Skills: time management, problem-solving skills, planning skills and digital skills;
Social Skills: interpersonal communication and collaborative work
Working mode: On-site
Prerequisites (prior knowledge) and co-requisites (concurrent knowledge)
Knowledge of mathematics, physical chemistry and biology
Wave Phenomena
Types of Waves; Superposition Principle; Simple Harmonic Wave; Propagation Speed; Wave in Elastic Media; Fourier theorem; Standing Waves; Wave Energy Transport; Transmission and reception of sound waves; Characteristics of auditory perception Ultrasounds: Uses of Ultrasound; Ultrasound Generation and Detection;
Properties of Ultrasonic Waves; Application of ultrasound Light and the Biophysics of vision: Types of light propagation media; Reflection and refraction of light; Reflection and transmission coefficients; Total internal reflection; Polarization of light; Diffraction and interference of light; Types of light propagation media; Mirrors; Lenses; Image formation with lenses and mirrors; Vergence of a lens Vision: Shapes of the eye; Compound eyes; The human eye; General Characteristics of the Human Eye; Movement of ions in an electrolyte solution; Nernst-Planck equation; Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation; Ionic flow through the biomembrane and ionic pumps; Active ion transport; The sodium-potassium pump; Bioelectricity of muscles; Neuromuscular junctions; Smooth muscles; Bioelectricity of the heart; Transmission of the cardiac impulse through the heart; Properties and types of sensory receptors; Chemoreceptors;
Mechanoreceptors; Photoreceptors; Biomagnetism; Magnetic field and magnetic force; Ampere's Law; Magnetic force; Geomagnetism; Magnetic Guidance Surface Phenomena Surfaces and Interfaces; General concepts; The Nature of Interfaces; Surface free energy; Cohesion and Adhesion Work; The Molecular Nature of the Interfacial Region. Surface Activity and Structures of Surfactants; Basic structural requirements for surface activity; Structures and Sources of Surfactants; The Classification of Surfactants; Building blocks for surfactant molecules; The economic importance of surfactants; Surfactants in the environment; biodegradation of surfactants, biodegradation rules.
Capillarity: Properties and Dynamics of Fluids; A Capillary Model; Capillary Forces in Liquid-Fluid Systems; Solid-Liquid-Fluid Systems: the Contact Angle Effect; Capillary Flow and Spreading Processes; Geometric Considerations in Capillary Flow; Measurement of capillary conduction forces; Complications of Capillary Flow Analysis; Capillary Flow Rates and Patterns; Some practical capillary systems; Wetting on woven fibers and paper; Control of waterproofing or repellency, Capillary action in emergency processes. Solid surfaces; Surface mobility in solids; Sintering; ''History'' and characteristics of solid surfaces; Solid Surface Free Energy vs Surface Tension; The Formation of Solid Surfaces; Crystalline Surfaces; nucleation process; amorphous solid surfaces.
Adsorption: Introduction; Gibbs' Surface Excess; The Gibbs Adsorption Equation; Adsorption at the Solid-Vapor Interface; Energetic considerations: Physical Adsorption versus Chemisorption; Chemisorption and heterogeneous catalysis; Catalytic promoters and poisons; Solid-Vapor Adsorption Isotherms; Classification of Adsorption Isotherms; The Langmuir Isotherm; Freundlich adsorption isotherm; The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm; Surface areas of the BET isotherm; Adsorption at solid-liquid interfaces; The Adsorption Model; Quantification of surfactant adsorption; Adsorption isotherms in solid-liquid systems; Adsorption and modification of the solid-liquid interface; Adsorption and nature of the surface of the adsorbent;
Environmental effects on adsorption; Effects of adsorption on the nature of the solid surface.
Transport Phenomena: Transport of matter; Concept of diffusion: Fick's Laws; Measurement of diffusion coefficients;
Association Colloids: Micelles, Vesicles and Membranes; Solubility of Surfactants, Krafft Temperature and Cloud Point; Surfactant Liquid Crystals; micelles; Molecular Geometry and the Formation of Association Colloids; Some Correlations between Surfactant Structure, Environment and Micellization; Aggregation Number;
- Theoretical classes (2x 60 min) - oral presentation using appropriate didactic material;
- Practical classes (1x60 min) - resolution of exercises and clarification of doubts
- Laboratory classes (1x 120 min) - carrying out laboratory work. The works are carried out by
the students, in groups (2 -3 students) in a rotating system;
Gonzalez Ibeas J.; Introduccion a la fisica y biofisica. ISBN: 84-205-0481-5
Nelson Philip; Biological physics. ISBN: 0-7167-4372-8
Herman Irving P.; Physics of the human body. ISBN: 978-3-540-29603-4
Hobbie Russell K.; Intermediate physics for medicine and biology. ISBN: 978-0-387-30942-2
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