Oceans and Health

Objectives

1- Ability to recognize the main groups of pollutants present in the ocean and associate them to their sources;
2- Understand the procoss of interaction between pollutants and biological systems;
3- Recognize the existence of negative effects on human health as a reflection of the deregulation of the ocean environment by pollutants,
4- Develop analytical and critical thinking regarding the effects of pollutants on marine organisms and, ultimately, on human health;
5- Use the knowledge and skills acquired for the development of an infegrated thinking of the One Health concept.

Program

1-Introduction to the main classes of pollutants in the ocean

a.Anthropogenic (e.g. industrial, domestic and agricultural land-based sources)

b. Natural (e.g. voicanism) sources of pollutants

2-Medical and veterinary pharmaceuticals residues in the ocean

Antibjotic resistance
Endocrine disrupions
Other pharmaceutical residues and their impact in human health (HH)
Natural biogenic toxins and HH
Traffic of cruise and cargo ships and as potential vias for the spread of disease vectors
Heavy metais in trophic chains and HH
Microplastics in trophic chains and HH
Redionuclides in trophic chains and HH
Ocean and air quality
a. The ocean as the main source of oxygen

b.Maritime transport and air pollution; its impacts on human H

9-Sessions of analysis of scientific papers on marine pollutants and its effects on HH

10-Study visits to organizations (e.g, ETAR; LOTAÇOR) with explanatory sessions on the rale of monitoring and controlling the impacts on HH

Teaching Methodologies

The program will be developed in expository theoretical sessions, with encouragement for student participation/discussion. For each topic, pre-selected scientific articles will be provided to students, organized into groups, so that they can independently study the thematic and present the paper to the whole class, promoting discussion with colleagues. In this way, students use the knowledge acquired in the theoretical classes for the study/analysis and discussion of the studies deall with in the scientific articles. The discussion promoted among students with different knowledge and sensitivities will create a favorable environment for the development of the "One Health" approach/concept.

Field visits to public and private institutions aim to create a space for interaction with the practice of business organizations, allowing students to analyze the reality in the light of acquired knowledge and skills, developing their critical thinking.

Bibliography

European Marine Board (2013). Linking Oceans and Human Health: A Strategic Research Priority for Europe. Position paper 19 of the
European Marine Board, Ostend, Belgium
H2020 SOPHIE Consortium (2020) A Strategic Research Agenda for Oceans and Human Health in Europe. H2020 SOPHIE Project.
Ostend, Belgium. ISBN: 9789492043894 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3696561
Short, R. E. Cox, D. T., Tan, Y. L., Bethel, A., Eales, J. F., & Garside, R. (2021). Review of the evidence for oceans and human health
relationships in Europe: a systematic map. Environment International, 146, 106275.
Walsh, P. J., Smith, S., Fleming, L., Solo-Gabriele, H., & Gerwick, W. H. (Eds.). (2011). Oceans and human health: risks and remedies from
the seas. Academic Press.