Volcanology

Objectives

1. To know the basic concepts and principles of volcanology as a Science;

2. Understanding the geodynamic processes that govern the occurrence of volcanic phenomena;

3. To understand the role of magma proprieties and volatiles in volcanic processes;

4. To recognize the types of lava flows based on their morphology and internal structure

5. To understand the genetic processes, the transportation mechanisms and the deposition features of pyroclastic products.

6. To identify the different eruptive phases that may occur during a volcanic eruption.

7. To recognize the forms and the geological structures generated during the volcanic processes.

Program

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. History of Volcanology

1.2. Geographic and geodynamic setting

2. ERUPTIVE MECHANISMS

2.1. Physical and chemical properties of magmas

2.2. Eruptive processes

3. LAVA FLOWS

3.1. Concepts, dimensions and velocity

3.2. Morphology and internal structure

4. PYROCLASTIC DEPOSITS

4.1. Concepts and classification of pyroclasts

4.2. Pyroclastic fall deposits

4.3. Pyroclastic flow depostis

4.4. Lahars

4.5. Tephracronology

5. MAGMATIC AND HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS

5.1. Magmatic gases

5.2. Volcanic gases

5.3. Diffuse degassing

5.4. Volcanic eruption degassing

6. TYPES OF VOLCANIC ACTIVITY

6.1. Effusive and explosive volcanism

6.2. Magmatic and hydrovolcanic phases

7. VOLCANIC FORMS AND STRUCTURES

7.1. Monogenetic volcanoes and secondary structures

7.2. Polygenetic volcanoes

Teaching Methodologies

Theoretical classes ?Based on the presentation of diagrams/pictures illustrative of the objects, concepts and processes being analyzed.

Theoretical-practical classes - Observation and characterization of geological samples, films watching and computer models analysis.

Field Classes - Field trips to active volcanic systems on the island of S. Miguel.

Bibliography

CAS, R., WRIGHT, J. (1988) - Volcanic successions. Modern and ancient. London: Chapman & Hall. 528 p.

FISHER, R., SCHMINCKE, H.-U. (1984) - Pyroclastic rocks. Berlin:Springer-Verlag. 472 p.

GILBERT, J. S., SPARKS, R. S. J. (1998) - The Physics of Volcanic Eruptions. London: The Geological Society Special Publication nº 145., 186 p.

HEIKEN, G., WOHLETZ, K. (1985) - Volcanic Ash. California: University of California Press. 246 p.

WILSON, M. (1989) - Igneous petrogenesis. London: Unwin Hyman Ltd. 466 p.

SPARKS, R.J.S., BURSIK, M.I., CAREY, S.N., GILBERT, J.S., GLAZE, L.S., SIGURDSSON, H., WOODS, A.W. (1997) - Volcanic Plumes. England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 574 p.

SIEBERT, L., SIMKIN, T., KIMBERLY, P. (2010) - Volcanoes of the World. California: Smithsonian Institution / University of California Press, Third edition. 568 p.

SIGURDSSON, H., HOUGHTON, B., MCNUTT, S., RYMER, H., STIX, J. (2015) - Encyclopedia of Volcanoes (2nd. Edition). Califórnia: Academic Press. 1456 p.