1. Recognize the relevant scientific terms used in the various stages of risk assessment and management.
2. Acquire the perception of the economic and social impact of large destructive geological events and relate them with the globe dynamics framework.
3. Understand the geological hazards as violent and destructive phenomena resulting from the action of geological processes over long periods of time, with particular emphasis on the volcanic hazard
4. Identify trigger mechanisms of geological hazards.
5. Understand the variability, intensity and magnitude of the various geological hazards.
6. Identify mitigation measures for each of the geological risks.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Natural disasters and History
1.2. Risk and hazard concepts
1.3. Risk components
2. GEOLOGICAL RISKS
2.1. Types of geological hazards
2.2. Global distribution
2.3. Natural catastrophes and Society. 21st Century
2.4. Caracterization of the national territory
3. SEISMIC RISK
3.1. What causes the earthquakes
3.2. Seismic scales
3.3. Paleoseismology. Seismic prediction
3.4. Seismic risk assessment
4. VOLCANIC RISK
4.1. Volcanic hazards
4.2. Eruptive history. Monitoring and prediction
4.3. Crictical values, vulnerability elements e mitigation measures
5. LANDSLIDES RISK
5.1. Triggering mechanisms
5.2. Monitoring and forecast
5.3. Mitigation measures
6. TSUNAMI RISK
6.1. Tsunami dynamics
6.2. Triggering mechanisms
6.3. Paleotsunamis
6.4. Monitoring and forecast
6.5. Mitigation measures
7. INTEGRATED GEOLOGICAL RISKS
7.1. Multirrisk concept. Examples of cascade effect
7.2. Implications on risk assessment
Lectures - Supported by the presentation of diagrams/pictures/animations illustrative of the key concepts and processes under analyses. The geological processes associated with each of the hazards are introduced along the several specific points. For each of the hazards the triggering mechanisms will be analyzed, the effects caused attending to the specific vulnerabilities, as well as the monitoring techniques and alert and mitigation measures. The occurrence of more than one hazard simultaneously, i.e., one single triggering mechanism to underlie the generation of more than one geological hazard (cascade effect) is analyzed for a wider and integrated risk assessment.
Theoretical and Practical classes - Discussion of study cases using multimedia support (essentially video exhibitions). Hazards and vulnerabilities assessment of selected study cases. Observation of monitoring systems for geological hazards. Students will also have the opportunity to access risk maps for the Azores archipelago and observe all kind of monitoring and warning systems in operation at the Institute for Volcanology and Risks Assessment (IVAR) at the University of the Azores.
Alexander, D. (1999) – Natural Disasters. UCL Press. 650 p.
Dilley, M.; Chen, R.; Deichmann, U.; Lerner-Lam, A.L.; Arnold, M. (2005) – Natural Disaster Hotspots. A Global Risk Analysis. 542 p.
Gaspar, J.L.; Guest, J.E.; Duncan, A.M.; Barriga, F.J.A.S.; Chester, D.K. (eds.) (2015) - Volcanic Geology of São Miguel Island (Azores Archipelago). Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 44.
Hyndman, D., Hyndman, D. (2010) – Natural Hazards and Disasters (3rd ed.), Books/Cole, Cengage Learning. 571 p.
Sigurdsson, H. (editor-in-chief) (2015) - The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes, 2nd Ed., Academic Press, pp. 1421.
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