Techniques of Geodesical Monitoring

Objectives

1. Knowledge of the basics of geodesy.

2. Understand the complementarity of geodetic monitoring with other volcanic monitoring techniques.

3. Understand the importance of geodesy in volcano monitoring and of other geological processes.

4. Acquire the perception of the advances that the space techniques have provided (GNSS, InSAR) in volcanic geodesy.

5. Acquire basic ability to install GNSS equipment and carry out the acquisition of data.

6. Acquire basic ability to perform positioning with GNSS.

Program

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Volcano deformation

1.2 Geodetic sensors and techniques

2. CLASSICAL GEODETIC TECHNIQUES

2.1 Reference systems and datums

2.2 Geodetic networks

2.3 Vertical measurements

2.4 Horizontal measurements

3. GNSS: GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS

3.1 Global positioning principles

3.2 Satellites constellations of: GPS, GLONASS, Galileo

3.3 GNSS signal structure

3.4 Determination of positions

3.5 Types of positioning

3.6 Relative positioning techniques

4. CONTINUOUS AND REGULAR MONITORING

4.1 Regular GNSS observation networks

4.2 Permanent GNSS observation networks

4.3 Geodetic benchmarks and monuments

5. GNSS DATA PROCESSING

5.1 Software packages

5.2 Automatic processing

5.3 GPS/GNSS time series

5.4 Velocity field maps

6 InSAR

6.1 Radar principles and techniques

6.2 Principles of SAR interferometry

6.4 InSAR applied to volcanoes

7. VOLCANO DEFORMATION SOURCE MODELS

7.1 The elastic half-space

7.2 Pressure sources geometry

Teaching Methodologies

The course will be taught in a b-learning basis, by combining activities in the classroom, with asynchronous activities supported by a learning platform (Moodle) available at the University of the Azores.

Lectures – Introduction to the themes supported by the presentation of illustrative diagrams of concepts and processes under analysis.

Practical classes – Preparation of a GNSS observation survey and using of software packages for processing GNSS.

Field classes: Realization of a GNSS survey in the scope of ongoing monitoring programs of an active zone.

Bibliography

DZURISIN, D. (2007) - Volcano Deformation: New Geodetic Monitoring Techniques. Springer-Verlag pp.442.

SIGURDSSON, H. (1999) - Encyclopedia of Volcanoes. Academic Press Inc., pp.1417