Stratigraphy of Volcanoes

Objectives

1. Know the principles and methods of stratigraphy;

2. Know how to establish stratigraphic correlations from the observation and analysis of volcanic deposits;

3. Learn how to build volcanostratigraphic scales.

Program

1. STRATIGRAPHY

1.1. Introduction

1.2. Lithostratigraphy, Biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy

1.3. Chronology of geological phenomena

1.4. Chronology relative and absolute chronology.

2. VOLCANOESTRATIGRAPHY

2.1 Volcanic Deposits

2.1.1. Characterization of components

2.1.2. Morphology and internal structure

2.1.3. Limits and discontinuities

2.1.3. Distribution and spatial variability

2.2. Concept of stratigraphic marker

2.3. Stratigraphic correlations.

3. VOLCANOSTRATIGRAPHIC SCALE

3.1. Methodologies

3.2. Nomenclature and symbols

3.3. Documentation of geological sections

3.4 Definition of stratigraphic correlations

3.5 Construction of volcanostratigraphic scales

Teaching Methodologies

The course, with a strong practical component, will be taught intensively, by combining activities in the classroom and in the field.

Theoretical-practical and Fieldwork classes - presentation of schemes / illustrative photographs of objects, concepts and processes to be analysed. Observation and analysis of several eruptive sequences in volcanoes on the island of São Miguel, with the study and characterization of volcanic deposits in establishing stratigraphic correlations and building a volcanostratigraphic scale of the study area.

Tutorial - support and supervision of fieldwork and preparation of the report.

Bibliography

BOOTH, B., CROASDALE, R. & WALKER, G. P. L. (1978). A quantitative study of five thousand years of volcanism on S. Miguel, Azores. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 228, 271–319.

BROOKFIELD, M.E. (2004). Principles of Stratigraphy. Blackwell Publishing. 340p.

CAS, R.A.F. e WRIGHT, J.V. (1987). Volcanic successions. Chapman & Hall Ed., London, 528p.

SIGURDSSON, H., HOUGHTON, B., MCNUTT, S., RYMER, H. & STIX, J. (Eds.) (2015). The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes (Second Edition), Academic Press., 1417 p.

WALLENSTEIN, N.W., DUNCAN, A.M., GUEST, J. E. & ALMEIDA, M. H. (2015). Eruptive history of Fogo Volcano, São Miguel, Azores. In: Gaspar, J. L., Guest, J. E., Duncan, A. M., Barriga, F. J. A. S. & Chester, D. K. (eds) Volcanic Geology of São Miguel Island (Azores Archipelago). Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 44, 105–123, http://doi.org/10.1144/M44.8