Knowledge of compounds from the primary metabolism and of compounds from the secondary metabolism synthesized by the acetate and by the shikimate pathways, as well as of drugs containing them. Specifically, it is intended that the student acquires knowledge of natural products with therapeutic activity and active principles with pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food interest, or of its toxicity, derived primarily from plant species. The student will get an overview of the various ways of using plant species or other natural raw materials (source of active molecules for direct use in industry, molecular basis for obtaining other active compounds, auxiliaries for pharmaceutical technology) and acquire knowledge on techniques used on their quality control.
THEORETICAL:
1. Concepts of Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy
2. Use of plant drugs in therapeutics
3. Microscopic analysis of plant pharmaceuticals
4. Compounds of primary metabolism
4.1. Carbohydrates
4.2. Fatty bodies
5. Compounds of specialized metabolism
5.1. Acetyl coenzyme A and metabolites synthesized by the acetate pathway
5.2. Shikimic acid and metabolites synthesized by the shikimate pathway
5.2.1 Simple phenols and phenolic acids
5.2.2 Coumarins
5.2.3. Lignans, neolignans and related compounds
5.2.4. Diarylhepatanoids, arylalcanones and stilbenoids
5.2.5. Xanthones
5.2.6. Flavonoids
5.2.7. Tannins
LABORATORY:
Execution, analysis and interpretation of the fundamentals of laboratory work, with delivery of the respective reports, namely: microscopic analysis of drugs of plant origin - microscopic characterization of drugs and identification of cellular constituents by staining; search for free and combined anthraquinone compounds; identification of sennosides by thin layer chromatography; search for flavonoids by chromatic reactions; tannin search reactions; gelatin identification tests; isolation and identification of galactose.
THEORETICAL TEACHING: 2 h / week:
Magistral component with expository lectures, using presentations, films, and scientific research work. Lessons to clarify doubts and to apply the concepts with the realization of exercises formulated by the teacher.
The documents to support the classes are available on Moodle platform.
LABORATORY TEACHING: 2 h / week:
Carrying out experimental work in the laboratory.
The documents to support the classes are available on Moodle platform.
J. Bruneton; Pharmacognosie, Phytochimie, Plantes médicinales, Lavoisier, 2017. ISBN: 978-2-7430-2165-8;
P. Valentão; Fitoquímica e Farmacognosia I, Manual de Laboratório 2020-2021;
Comissão da Farmacopeia Portuguesa; Farmacopeia portuguesa VIII. ISBN: 972-8425-76-7;
C A. Proença; Farmacognosia e fitoquímica. ISBN: 972-31-1142-X;
C.A. Fernandes; Farmacognosia. ISBN: 972-31-0913-1.
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