Volcanology Cartography

Objectives

1. Know how to use cartographic documents in various types of media, analogue and digital;

2. Acquire skills for using the methods of geological mapping of geological surveys of volcanic regions;

3. Know how to use aerial photography as a support tool for the geological survey of volcanic regions;

4. Developing skills for, autonomously, carry out a geological survey of a volcanic region.

Program

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Cartography as science: historical perspective

1.2. The problematics of the Earth's shape

1.3. Map projections

2. TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS

2.1. Elements of planimetry and altimetry

2.2. Representation of Relief

2.3. Reading and the use of topographic maps

3. GEOLOGICAL MAPS OF VOLCANIC REGIONS

3.1. General aspects

3.2. Review of the concepts of the geometric characterization of geological structures

3.3. Spatial distribution of volcanic products

3.4. Types of cartographic documents, analogue and digital

4. PHOTOGEOLOGY

4.1. Types of aerial photographs

4.2. Geometry of vertical aerial photographs

4.3. The organization of the flights

4.4. The use of aerial photographs in geological surveys of volcanic regions

5. PROJECT

5.1. Planning and execution of a geological map of a volcanic zone (São Miguel Island)

Teaching Methodologies

The unit will be taught intensively, by combining activities in the classroom, laboratory and in the field. Students will also develop various activities, but in an autonomous mode.

Lectures - Based on presentation schemes/illustrative photographs of objects, concepts and analysis of the processes being analysed.

Practical classes, laboratory practice and field work – Observation, handling and execution of various types of exercises with cartographic documents, aerial photography and digital instrumentation. It includes laboratory and field work for the various stages of the development of the workgroups, in which the students perform a geological survey of an area defined for each group.

Tutorial - Several sessions of classroom support and laboratory and field work supervision.

Bibliography

ALVES, J. A. D., CRUZ, J. J. S. e NORTE, C. G. (1988). Manual de topografia (I Volume). PF, Lisboa.

BOOTH, B., CROASDALE, R. & WALKER, G. P. L. (1978). A quantitative study of five thousand years of volcanism on S. Miguel, Azores. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 228, 271–319.

CAS, R.A.F. e WRIGHT, J.V. (1987). Volcanic successions. Chapman & Hall Ed., London, 528p.

COMPTON, R. R. (1985). Geology in the field. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 398 p.

FERREIRA, T., GOMES, A., GASPAR, J. L. & GUEST, J. (2015). Distribution and significance of basaltic eruptive centres: São Miguel, Azores. In: Gaspar, J. L., Guest, J. E., Duncan, A.M., Barriga, F. J. A. S. & Chester, D. K. (eds)

Volcanic Geology of São Miguel Island (Azores Archipelago). Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 44, 135–146.

SIGURDSSON, H., HOUGHTON, B., MCNUTT, S., RYMER, H. & STIX, J. (Eds.) (2015). The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes (Second Edition), Academic Press., 1417 p.