Histology and Plant Anatomy

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Objectives

The general objective of this course is the acquisition of a language and its own terminology to enable the description and understanding of the microscopic structure of plant organs, integrating them into a histophysiological and morphofunctional vision, based on a unitary and integrated perspective of plant development.


The student should acquire the following skills:

a) interpret plant structure through the identification, analysis and description of the tissues that are integrated in the different organs;

b) interpret various anatomical and physiological processes addressing them to the levels of the organism, organ and tissue and relating them to theirfunction.
Students will develop skills related to self-learning, based on the research, selection and organization of scientific information. Students must develop the taste for experimentation and interpretation of data being able to understand the vascular plant as a whole. Must develop oral and written communication skills.

Program

THEORETICAL
1. Introduction. Primary cell wall. Secondary modifications.
2 Plant tissues: Classification, characterization, ontogeny, occurrence and functions.
Meristems: apical, intercalary, lateral.
Parenchyma: chlorenchyma, arenchyma, reserve.
Collenchyma: Angular, annular, lacunar, tangential .
Sclerenchyma: sclerites, fibers.
Epidermis and periderm.
Xylem. Tracheid, vessel element. Ring growth. Heartwood, sapwood.
Phloem. Sieve cell, sieve tube element. Companion and albuminous cells
Secretory tissue.
3. Anatomy
Primary and secondary root structure. Vascular evolution. Vascular tissue.
Primary and secondary stem structure. Tissue differentiation.
Structural diversity.
Leaf structural types.
Flower, fruit, histology of floral parts, pericarp, seed.
PRACTICAL Classes. Observation, characterization and identification. Drawings and diagrams:
- Meristematic and permanent tissues.
- Organs - root, stem, leaf, in various stages of development.

Teaching Methodologies

The lectures seek to encourage understanding and integration of knowledge and long-term memory. Active student participation is encouraged: in order to achieve the perspectivation of the syllabus, facilitating the integration of knowledge; posing questions to students; asking them to formulate questions and discussing possible answers. Practical classes seek to develop the ability to identify, interpret and describe plant tissues and structures of various plant organs to the most diversified habitats. The criteria for evaluation are timely distributed to students allowing targeted preparation. The tests include questions that assess understanding and ability to analyze and summarize. In the assessment of the theoretical component two tests are performed (histology + anatomy). In practical component includes a practical test and continuous assessment: attendance, participation and quality of reporting.

The theoretical and practical components are respectively weights of 75 % and 25 %.

Bibliography

Appezzato-da-Glória, B. & Carmelo-Guerreiro, S. M. (Ed) 2006 – Anatomia Vegetal – Univ Fed. Viçosa
Beck C B, 2009 - An Introduction to Plant Structure and Development - Cambridge Univ Press
Cutler D, Stevenson D & Botha T, 2008 - Plant Anatomy: An Applied Approach - John Wiley & Sons
Dickison, W C, 2000 - Integrative Plant Anatomy - Elsevier Sc & Technology
Esau, K., 2002 - Anatomia das plantas com Semente - Edgard Blucher, S Paulo.
Fahn, A., 1990 - Plant Anatomy - Pergamon, Oxford.
Khan A, 2002 - Plant Anatomy and Physiology - Kalpaz Pub, India
Mauseth, J. D. 2008 - Plant Anatomy - Jones & Bartlett Pub.
Moreira, I., 1993 - Histologia Vegetal - Didáctica Ed, Lisboa.
Oliveira, J.N.B, 2011 - Anatomia das Plantas Superiores – Ed Autor, P Delgada.
Rudall, P, 2007 - Anatomy of Flowering Plants -Cambridge Univ Press
Schweingruber, F H , Schulze E D & Borner A 2006 - Atlas of Woody Plant Stems – Springer-Verlag.

Code

0101573

ECTS Credits

6

Classes

  • Práticas e Laboratórios - 45 hours
  • Teóricas - 30 hours

Evaluation Methodology

  • According to Teaching Methods: 100%